The so-called „Beck“ rights described above only apply to non-members – people who have left the union or who have never joined. Under federal labour law, everyone has the right to join and support a union, to refuse to join a union and to resign from union membership at any time. Where a collective agreement requires a worker to join the union or pay a fee to the union, the fees charged to non-members are generally the same as the amount of union dues and introductory fees charged to union members. In a 1988 lawsuit, Communications Workers ofAmerica v. Beck, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a non-member had the right to object to the payment of a portion of the fee spent on activities that have nothing to do with collective bargaining, contract management, or the adjustment of complaints.